Manuscript received April 6, 2023; revised May 29, 2023; accepted July 7, 2023.
Abstract—During the COVID-19, the students of Indonesian
tertiary conducted teaching and learning activities with distance
learning or distance learning in the English academic writing
course. The novelty of the current study is that small groups talk
in the collaborative prewriting phase via WhatsApp using social
presence framework. This study investigated what students
talked about while doing academic writing tasks at a private
university in Indonesia. The methodology applied a descriptive
quantitative. The instruments used were observation and
questionnaires. We conducted observation in chatrooms. The
questionnaire was distributed to find out the students’ responses
to the prewriting process from the fifteen participants. For the
observation data, we used the content analysis technique, textual
data were coded into social presence indicators using Nvivo12
software. The questionnaire was validated by employing content
and construct validity with two expert judgments. The findings
showed that four groups constructed collaborative floors,
positive responses, organization, language, content, task
negotiation, and shared resources with different contributions.
In performing identity online, eight dominant students in each
group took more roles than others. The result of students’
responses was that they perceived discussion online in the
collaborative prewriting phase. The study recommends that
small online groups talk in the synchronous joint prewriting
phase promotes social presence and assist the students in
enhancing critical thinking skill and academic writing.
Index Terms—Online small groups talk, collaborative
prewriting phase, social presence
The authors are with English Education Department, Universitas Negeri
Semarang UNNES, Indonesia.
*Correspondence: yyuniarti577@students.unnes.ac.id (Y.Y.)
Cite: Yuniarti Yuniarti*, Januarius Mujiyanto, Dwi Rukmini, and Sri Wuli Fitriati, "Online Small Groups Talk in English Collaborative Prewriting Phase Viewed from Social Presence Frame," International Journal of Information and Education Technology vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1939-1949, 2023.
Copyright © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).