Manuscript received March 31, 2023; revised May 6, 2023, accepted June 7, 2023.
Abstract—There are many Augmented Reality (AR)
applications in smart devices, but their use in education is less
focused and does not meet the current syllabus. AR has a great
potential to be used in education, especially in introducing
abstract concepts. To use augmented reality in education,
students and teachers must follow teaching and learning
guidelines. Therefore, this study implied the development of an
educational module with augmented reality in Geometry,
specifically under Space, following the standards-based
curriculum for primary school (KSSR) Year 4 lessons. This
study aims to determine the effects of using a module with AR
(GeomAR3) on student performance in learning Geometry
compared to a traditional module (Geom3). This study was
conducted quantitatively following a quasi-experimental design
with a pre- and post-test. Fifty-nine (59) Year 4 students were
involved in the study from a school selected through purposive
sampling, with 29 of them as an experimental group and the
remaining 30 as a control group. The point of assessing student
performance is seen through the implementation instrument,
such as a pre-test, a post-test, and a delayed post-test. The study
data were analysed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance
(MANCOVA) with the pre-test score as a covariate. The results
show a significant difference in student performance on the
overall mean score for the post-test (F (1,59) = 33.848, p = 0.000;
eta squared = 0.377) and the delayed post-test (F (1,59) = 14.740,
p = 0.000; eta squared = 0.208), with the experimental group
significantly better than the control group. In conclusion, the use
of modules with AR was found to improve students’
achievement in learning Geometry due to the factor of the ability
to visualize clearly, strengthen students’ long-term memory, and
gain conceptual understanding through the experience shown
by AR.
Index Terms—Augmented reality, experimental design
module, Geometry
Ainur Yusra Nabila Mohd Nadzri is with the Faculty of Educational
Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub is with Faculty of Educational Studies and
Institute of Mathematics Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor,
Malaysia. E-mail: afmy@upm.edu.my (A.F.M.A.)
Nurul Nadwa Zulkifli is with Faculty of Humanities, Management and
Science, Bintulu Campus, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
E-mail: nurulnadwa@upm.edu.my (N.N.Z.)
*Correspondence: gs61246@student.upm.edu.my (A.Y.N.M.N.)
Cite: Ainur Yusra Nabila Mohd Nadzri*, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub, and Nurul Nadwa Zulkifli, "The Effect of Using Augmented Reality Module in Learning Geometry on Mathematics Performance among Primary Students," International Journal of Information and Education Technology vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1478-1486, 2023.
Copyright © 2023 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).